Exaggeration is in short taking something to the extreme. In animation, exaggeration is taking some of the information we have found out earlier further then “realistically” possible, stretching and distorting to add appeal. Let’s take the example of a woman with a sweater with long sleeves to the point it drags on the ground and, say we want to make the sleeves heavier then normal sweaters. To show this we could make it so when she swings her arm and the sleeve raises in the air and drops to the ground again the floor cracks. However, keep in consideration that to be able to exaggerate one must understand at least some of the other rules.

https://brush.ninja/glossary/animation/exaggeration/#:~:text=Exaggeration%20in%20animation%20means%20making,show%20how%20they’re%20feeling.

https://pixune.com/blog/exaggeration